I have reviewed all the papers that satisfied the assignment
criteria and added my own analysis to that of the reviewers. Some students were
fortunate to have chosen reviewers who addressed both editing (sentence
structure, punctuation, grammar, word choice, style) and paper content
(structure, argument, audience, completeness). Several others got less help.
I am sure that this is not the
first term paper that you have been required to write, but I suspect that for
some it may be the longest and it may be the first in an IFSC course. Everyone
seemed to have difficulty complying with the paper specifications and few paid
any attention to the models of issue-oriented technical papers that we have
reviewed in the course. Fortunately, it is just a first draft, so there is
opportunity to make the final paper more focused, more lucid, and more
appropriate. However, I estimate that the improvements will take at least as
much time as has already been devoted so far.
We have dealt so far with two
"scenarios" where a situation is described and you are asked to
analyze it. Johnson has presented you with over a dozen more. Analysis involves
determining who are parties to the situation, and what each's roles and
responsibilities are. It involves determining what if any harm is threatened
and to whom. It involves identifying sources of guidance, established
principles or laws, and determining which if any might apply. I found very
little analysis in any paper that I read.
Usually the paper began by
defining an area of computer use and illustrating some kind of application that
had both good and bad consequences (usually the application existed because of
the good but it was now seen that their was potential for bad). So far, no
ethical issue, almost every repeated action has potential for bad outcomes,
fortunately, they seldom materialize.
Most papers then begin to stress
the seriousness of the potential bad outcomes and even to cite some actual or
hypothetical scenarios to illustrate the danger. None then analyzed the
scenarios in the manner in which everyone was trained.
Some eventually suggest some
possible response that could be made in the situation, often suggesting that
new laws be passed. It is evident that the issue is too big or too dispersed to
actually solve with some specific action, and it is not clear who is
responsible for the solution (even if the law is passed it will probably be
difficult to enforce).
The result of virtually all the
papers is that the writer seems now to be more acutely aware of some abstract
danger of computer applications that someone else has the potential to misuse
and that someone else has the responsibility to prevent. The specifications for
your paper was to address an issue that you would possibly have the responsibility
of addressing in the near term in your career as a computer professional. The
purpose of the course is not to make you aware of other people's
responsibilities but to equip you to assume your own professional
responsibilities. I have taken every opportunity to guide you to treat an issue
from your role as a computer professional, not as your role as a citizen or a
consumer.
In these first drafts I see
little emphasis on personal professional responsibility. I hope to see much
more in the final drafts.
In these first drafts I find far
too much time discussing abstract situations and I hope to see much more focus
on the role of computer professionals in whatever the issue is.
In these first drafts I find
lots of opinion and very little analysis, but I hope that in the final drafts
the papers will be organized with sections that give an introduction to the
topic and how it will be treated, that present the facts needed to identify
what the ethical issue is that must be decided and who the players are, and that
discuss the various positions that can be defended with the goal of determining
what the strongest arguments for policy are. At least by the final section the
issue will be translated from the societal stage to how it impacts the novice
IT professional, and how you will approach the duty to deal with the piece of
the issue you might have to face. To see an example of a long research paper
(in addition to your text) see my paper at http://www.ualr.edu/~wmmitchell/NASARECON.htm